What does punishment work by arousing?

Punishment works primarily by arousing fear in the individual. This reaction can create a powerful motivational response, often resulting in the suppression of undesirable behaviors. When athletes or individuals are subject to punishment, they may develop a fear of the consequences associated with their actions, which can lead to changes in behavior aimed at avoiding those negative outcomes.

Fear can serve as an immediate motivator, compelling individuals to alter their actions in order to escape potential repercussions. This mechanism can be effective in the short term but may not foster long-term adherence to desired behaviors because it might not instill intrinsic motivation or a genuine understanding of what behaviors are beneficial or desirable.

Other options may evoke different emotional responses, such as resentment or hostility, which often result in negative feelings toward the punisher rather than promoting behavioral change. Therefore, while those emotions can arise, fear remains the primary force that punishment leverages to influence behavior.