Which of the following best describes the associated phase in movement development?

The associated phase in movement development is characterized by a number of key elements that contribute to the improvement and efficiency of motor skills. It encompasses refinement of movements, where athletes learn to fine-tune their skills and develop greater accuracy and fluency. During this phase, there is also a focus on eliminating extraneous movements, which means that performers start to reduce unnecessary actions and streamline their techniques to enhance performance.

Additionally, a significant aspect of the associated phase involves the transition from reliance on visual control to proprioceptive control. As individuals progress in their skill development, they become better at sensing their body’s position and movement through internal cues, rather than solely depending on visual feedback. This shift allows for quicker and more instinctive responses in dynamic environments, further enhancing performance.

Given that all of these components—refinement of movements, reduction of unnecessary actions, and the transition to proprioceptive control—are integral to the associated phase, it is accurate to state that the correct answer encompasses all of the aforementioned aspects. Hence, the choice indicating "all of the above" captures the comprehensive nature of the associated phase in movement development.